They also come with some purple spots then make the leaves start falling off. "@type": "Answer",
If leaves have been infected, remove them and safely dispose of them so the fungal spores cant spread to other crepe myrtles, plants, or trees in your garden. Mulching around the tree can also help retain moisture. Be sure to read the application instructions because too much garden sulfur can be detrimental. If your crepe myrtle is not leafing out, check the buds. Prevention, Treatment & Control: Non-chemical control can be done by hand picking the japanese beetles off the tree and dropping them in soapy water. Native to Japan, these trees grow 20 to 30 feet tall and wide, with upright trunks and outward-arching branches. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a novice, understanding the reasons behind the redness of crape myrtle leaves can give you a deeper appreciation for this beautiful plant and help you take better care of it. How can you prevent crape myrtle leaves from turning red too early in the season? Your best bet is to prevent outbreaks by planting crepe myrtles in open, sunny spots where air circulates freely. Just look around your neighborhood. First of all, it's important to note that some crape myrtle cultivars are naturally predisposed to having red foliage. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Why do crape myrtle leaves turn red during autumn? But an extremely heavy infestation can block sunlight from reaching the leaves, which may yellow and fall prematurely. Leaves reach 4 to 12 inches long and turn red in fall. Why Wilson Bros Gardens Offers Only Large Size And Not Smaller Plants. What Causes It: Bark scale is a relatively new pest in the Southeastern US. It's best to have an unobstructed space, such as a driveway or fence line, to plant these trees because it receives sunlight while not competing for space. In this article, we will discuss some tips on how you can prevent crape myrtle leaves from turning red too early in the season. We are sorry. Are there different varieties of crape myrtle that naturally produce red leaves? There are various reasons why a crepe myrtle tree can change color. The leaves are green and grow to have blades as long as 4 inches. Eventually, the leaves will fall off and your tree wont bloom. The showiest and most tender of the crepe myrtles, this tree grows 30 to 60 feet tall, displaying huge clusters of pink or lavender flowers in June and July. In conclusion, crape myrtle leaf color change in autumn is due to the plant's natural biological processes. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. The first three are natural products. In the fall the leaves turn red, yellow, or orange. Crepe myrtle tree identification by flower. Keep leaf spot from showing up next year by raking up all the fallen crepe myrtle leaves and throwing them out with the trash. {
Gardeners there should plant cold-hardy selections such as 'Acoma,' 'Centennial Spirit,' and 'Hopi.'. Check with your local extension agent about getting your soil sample tested to determine the ph of your soil. Crape Myrtle: Choosing between Bush or Tree for Your Landscape Design, The Beautiful and Hardy Scarlet Crape Myrtle: A Must-Have Addition to Your Garden, The Beautiful Blooms of Choctaw Crape Myrtle: A Guide to Growing and Enjoying. What Can Be Done Control & Prevent Cercospora Leaf Spot on Crape Myrtle? How To Make Green, Oolong, And Black Tea From Tea Camellia Plants. Small white flowers bloom in the summer. Overwatering can cause problems for any plant because standing in water will cause the roots to rot away. Leave enough horizontal space for the crepe myrtle's roots to expand, but be aware of the varieties' maximum height because porch ceilings or other overhanging elements could prevent its proper growth. {
Don't leave big, ugly stubs. Red Rocket Crepe Myrtle Tree. Insufficient sunlight and poor air circulation encourage development. Leaf type is simple, shape is oval and venation is pinnate. Japanese crepe myrtles are also resistant to mildew and best known as a parent of hardy, mildew-resistant hybrids with L. indica. A slow-release option is usually best. By taking the appropriate steps and providing your crape myrtle with the right care, you can help ensure that it remains healthy and beautiful for years to come. Shredding the leaves with a lawnmower or mulcher can help break down the lignin and cellulose content, making them more acceptable for use in compost. {
If copious amounts of honeydew form on trees, sidewalks and other surfaces below may become coated with it and the sooty mold that follows. Why Are Some Of The Leaves On My Crape Myrtle Turning Red With Black Spots? Consider transplanting to relocate your crepe myrtle to a spot where it will thrive. What It Is: Sooty mold is a fungus that covers the leaves and looks like you just sprayed your crepe myrtle with asphalt. This practiceoften called crepe murderruins the natural form and encourages the growth of spindly, whiplike branches too weak to hold up the flowers. So, its better to, Mix the baking soda with water and then add the liquid dish soap. During shorter and cooler days, like during fall, the leaves produce less chlorophyll, so the other leaf pigments can be seen. You should burn it or otherwise dispose of it to prevent the spread of this fatal disease to healthy plants. Cercospora leaf spots are why the leaves of your crepe myrtles are turning red. Carotenoids, on the other hand, are pigments that give fruits and vegetables their bright orange, yellow, and red colors. Leaves appear late in spring, once temperatures are consistently warm. You can determine if your crepe myrtle is protected by checking the label. That said, on plants that suffer noticeable damage every year, treatment with a copper-based fungicide can be helpful. Water soluble acidic fertilizers can be applied in the spring each year. But environmental issues, like temperature and light, and a fungus can also turn a crepe myrtles leaves red. Prevention, Treatment & Control: You can reduce stress on plants by making sure they are watered correctly, fertilized annually, and kept free of disease. But your tree's problem could also be a late freeze that killed the young buds or stress from inadequate irrigation or pollution. You can also make an antifungal spray with 1.32 gallons of water, 5 teaspoons of baking soda, and 3 teaspoons of mild liquid soap. Current Sales & Special Offers On Wilson Bros Gardens, How To Care For Outdoor Potted Shrubs Brought Indoors During The Winter, The Most Cold Hardy Eucalyptus Tree Varieties For Growing Outdoors, The Most Cold Hardy Camellia Plants For Growing Outdoors In USDA Zones 6 & 7, The Most Cold Hardy Bamboo Plants For Growing Outdoors, The Most Cold Hardy Azaleas For USDA Zones 5, The Most Cold Hardy Azaleas For Growing in USDA Zone 6. Spotting usually starts near the base of the plant and spreads . In addition, provide enough fertilizer and nutrients to your plant to keep it healthy. The leaves turn reddish due to a decrease in chlorophyll production and an accumulation of anthocyanins and carotenoids. Crepe myrtle, though often listed as a shrub, is not really a shrub or low-growing tree. If your crepe myrtle hasn't bloomed, most likely it's due to one of three reasons: Your plant is just too small to bloom. Soak the banana peel in the water for a few days, After a few days get the peels out and put them in the compost bin. ",
Though crepe myrtles (also referred to as a crape myrtle or crapemyrtle) are practically maintenance-free, problems can arise. Other varieties of crepe myrtle, like the Pink Velour crepe myrtle tree, also have red leaves in spring. Crinkled, crepe-papery, 1- to 1 1/2-inch wide flowers in white or shades of pink, red, or purple are carried in dense clusters. They play a vital role in protecting the plant from harmful UV rays and are also involved in photosynthesis. Bacterial leaf scorch is a big bad problem that causes leaves on crepe myrtle to turn yellow. Look for the yellow appearing first at the tips or leaf margins. They have dark green leaves, with a red fringe upon opening. "
Its better to water at the base of the plant. Your plant isn't getting enough sun. Deep red flowers on an upright-rounded plant. Choose a cultivar that is known to produce red leaves, such as Red Rocket or Catawba crape myrtle. Prune the tree regularly to promote new growth and remove older leaves that may be less pigmented. Crepe myrtles are very resilient plants but their leaves start to turn brown and fall off for some definite reasons. The spots eventually enlarge, turning leave bright red or yellow, then causing them to fall off. For any further questions drop a comment and well get back to you. When Is The Best Time To Plant Blackberry & Raspberry Plants? This is especially true in large plant nurseries and residential or commercial landscapes that use overhead irrigation frequently. What Causes It: This fungus likes sheltered areas where breezes are blocked and the foliage stays wet for long periods. In conclusion, while red foliage in crape myrtle trees can be a sign of disease or distress, it's not always a cause for concern. Here are some possible causes: Drought stress: Crape myrtle trees are drought-tolerant, but they still need regular watering especially during dry periods. Spray thoroughly on your crepe myrtle leaves. Reduce spreading by cutting back on nitrogen fertilizer, and pick off and destroy infected leaves and flowers. Crape myrtle is a beautiful deciduous plant that blooms in the summer and early fall. (our pick: Nelson Plant FoodCrape Myrtle & All Flowering Trees). Environmental stress: Crape myrtle trees can also be stressed by extreme temperatures, pollution, or too much sunlight. Water your crepe myrtles correctly. If you're noticing black spots on the leaves of your Crepe Myrtles, your trees are experiencing a disease called Cercospora. Then, amend the soil accordingly with organic fertilizers or soil amendments. It is a fast grower and annual pruning in winter is especially important to control size and form. Many gardeners wonder if they can utilize the red leaves from crape myrtle trees for compost or decoration. Some crepe myrtles bloom better than others. Instead, it's all in the chemistry. Scientifically, the red color of the leaves of crape myrtle trees is due to anthocyanin pigments. Plantophiles.com is a participant in affiliate advertising programs designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to affiliates. This trees leaves are a reddish dark green during the growing season. Fungal diseases: There are several fungal diseases that can cause crape myrtle leaves to turn red. Sometimes owners of crepe myrtles who want them to stay shrub-sized will cut the main central branch (i.e., top it),which permanently ruins their growth structure and can make them extremely unsightly and sickly in the long run. We all wait for the spring season to see the colorful crepe myrtles bloom. Audacious spikes of pink, purple, white, and red flowers crown its sculptural branches for months in summer. Since the appearance of symptoms doesn't occur until mid to late summer, protective fungicide sprays are rarely needed for the control of this disease. Thin out the branches before the blooming period to provide a better airflow. When the leaves “change” color, they simply reveal other colors that are present all along. ",
However, if the discoloration is accompanied by wilting or defoliation, it suggests that the plant is under stress or infected by a disease. What They Are: A tiny invader now threatens peach, plum, pear, pecan, and many other trees in the South: the Asian ambrosia beetle (Xylosandrus crassiusculus). The Red Rocket Crape Myrtle is a splendid, rounded tree with a profusion of large clusters, up to 24 inches (60 cm), packed with crinkly, brilliant cherry-red flowers at its branch tips. His favorite plants are plant species in the Araceae family, such as Monstera, Philodendron, and Anthurium. Apply a fungicide according to package directions. Bright red flowers on this new cultivar from the U.S. National Arboretum. The result then is leaves turn purple or red. Your crepe myrtles will just be fine. Remove dead or heavily spotted leaves and discard them. Once several beetles have invaded the plant, insecticides are not effective. Eventually, they fall off. This usually happens because homeowners are not checking to see if the soil is dry. Too little sun can depress blooms or keep your tree from blooming at all. However, one common problem that gardeners face with crape myrtle is that its leaves tend to turn red too early in the season. This ruins the natural form and encourages the growth of branches that are too weak to hold up the flowers. If possible, avoid splashing of water on leaves by watering around the base of your crape myrtle. Make sure your crape myrtle trees are well-watered in the fall and apply a slow-release fertilizer to replenish their nutrients. Chlorophyll is so dominant that it masks other pigment colors in the leaves. Crepe Myrtle Leaves Curling 4 Most Concerning Causes, 4 Reasons Why Mandevilla Leaves Are Turning Brown, Dogwood Tree Leaves Turning Red 3 Dangerous Reasons, Leaves Curling Inward 7 Possible Causes & How to Fix It, Mars Hydro VG80 Seedling LED Grow Light Review, 11 Worst Signs of Anthurium Root Rot Fix Anthurium Root Rot. Soil pH: Acidic to Slightly Alkaline Soil (5.0-7.0). For instance, the Dynamite crape myrtle is a beautiful variety with bright red flowers but its foliage tends to turn red early in the season. In this way, the leaves will have enough time to dry out. Even bark injuries due to heavy pruning can cause purple and, Water your crepe myrtles correctly. "@type": "FAQPage",
To get your crepe myrtle an instant dose of phosphorus you can try Bone meal. Each cluster contains hundreds of pink flowers. Pages on this site may include affiliate links to Amazon and its affiliate sites on which the owner of this website will make a referral commission. Stressing the plant can cause crape myrtle leaves to turn red early. In summary, while crape myrtle leaves are not ideal for composting due to their high lignin and cellulose content, they can still be used with some adjustments. It thrives in when crepe myrtles are planted in shaded areas. It is a fungal disease. Let's take a closer look. Fortunately, crepe myrtles tend to be deer resistant so you wont have to worry about them munching on tree leaves. While using these homemade recipes be sure to try them on a small area first. Leaves: Crape myrtles have bright fall colors, considered very attractive and decorative. Its simply nature. Crepe myrtle tree identification by leaf. slow-release shrub and tree type fertilizer to, How To Plant & Care For A Serviceberry Tree, How To Train A Wisteria Vine To A Tree Form, Wilson Bros Gardens Customer Reviews (2020), How To Make Jelly From The Berries of A Callicarpa Beautyberry Bush, How To Use The Plant Finder On Wilson Bros Gardens, Most Frequently Asked Questions On Wilson Bros Gardens. The answer lies in the plant's metabolism and the changing of the seasons. Crepe myrtlesalso known as crape myrtles and crapemytlesboast year-round appeal, but in the heat of summer they show their true colors, from red and pink to lavender, purple, and white. Uncovering the Delicious Truth: Are Myrtle Berries Edible? If the leaf burns or distorts then dilute the solution with some water and apply again on a small leaf area. Prune and destroy infested limbs. If your crepe myrtle has bacterial leaf scorch, remove the tree. Crepe myrtles need freezing temperatures followed by warm weather so that it will know when to break dormancy. The change in season, Cercospora leaf spot, a phosphorus deficiency, under or overwatering, and tree bark damage can also cause the crepe myrtles leaves to turn red. If you are a coffee drinker, regularly sprinkle coffee grinds around the base of your crepe myrtle trees to slowly lower the ph of the soil. Assess your tree's overall health, and try to determine what may be causing the leaf discoloration - it could be something as simple as a lack of water, or it could be a more serious problem. This can happen if the plant is not getting enough water, nutrients or sunlight. Overhead watering can encourage this fungal problem. There are many reasons why crepe myrtle leaves turn red in the fall. However, when chlorophyll production decreases in response to factors like low light, aging, or stress, carotenoids become more visible and give the leaves a reddish or golden hue. In spring, the fungi begins to grow, and spores are released to travel on the wind to young leaves. Proper pruning and removal of infected leaves can also prevent the spread of fungal diseases. "acceptedAnswer": {
Christiana. Copyright var date = new Date(); document.write(date.getFullYear()) Wilson Bros Gardens. There are also varieties of crepe myrtles like the Tuscarora crepe myrtle and the Dynamite crepe myrtle that have stunning red leaves in early spring. Are your crepe myrtle leaves turning red and dropping leaves? The leaves turn from dark red to orange in the fall, and the bark is multicolored.. Spray it twice a week on your crepe myrtles until the problem is solved. Additionally, mixing the leaves with green material, such as grass clippings or vegetable scraps, can help to balance out the carbon to nitrogen ratio, allowing for better decomposition. Shaded areas will likely result in crepe myrtles not blooming, and partial sunlight will yield poor results. By selecting the right cultivar, providing optimal growing conditions, and practicing good pruning and maintenance, you can enjoy the beauty of red-leaved crape myrtles in your garden. }
Crepe myrtles can tolerate most soil conditions with good drainage. You can prevent crape myrtle leaves from turning red by ensuring they receive an adequate amount of water and nutrients, especially during the hot summer months. How To Grow A Gardenia Indoors As A House Plant, How To Use The Wish List Feature On Wilson Bros Gardens, How To Prune And Trim Pine Trees & Shrub Pines, Pot Sizes And Sizes Of Plants And Trees Shipped By Wilson Bros Gardens, How To Replant A Shrub or Tree In A Raised Mound To Improve Soil Drainage, How To Identify & Prevent or Kill Spider Mites On Shrubs, Trees & Other Plants, How To Water New Plants In The Landscape With A Sprinkler Irrigation System, Wilson Bros Gardens Guarantee & Warranty Policy On Plants, How To Prune or Trim Flowering Verbena Plants, How To Stake A Newly Planted Tree & How Long To Leave It Staked. What They Do: They emerge and feed from May until August on the flowers and leaves of many plants, including crepe myrtles. It still blooms the same. With long-lasting blooms and gorgeous exfoliating bark, this ornamental tree brings bright color and a unique form to the landscape Take a break from the same old orange, red and yellow plants and enjoy some fresh colors in your pots this fall With such a wide range to choose from, there's a beautiful Japanese maple to suit almost any setting 115 There's also a variety of organic remedies for this problem . . Another cultivar that boasts red leaves is the Catawba crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica 'Catawba'), which has leaves that emerge reddish-purple in the spring before darkening to a full green in the summer. Several fungal diseases: there are several fungal diseases: there are various reasons why crepe myrtle is a bad. Red leaves from crape myrtle leaves to turn red too early in the season August the. Color change in autumn is due to a decrease in chlorophyll production and an accumulation anthocyanins! Proper pruning and removal of infected leaves and looks like you just sprayed your crepe myrtle, though often as. A decrease in chlorophyll production and an accumulation of anthocyanins and carotenoids, mildew-resistant hybrids with L. indica by the... Fertilizer, and a fungus can also turn a crepe myrtles are planted in shaded areas it to prevent by. Plant to keep it healthy outbreaks by planting crepe myrtles not blooming and... To prevent the spread of this fatal disease to healthy plants myrtles need freezing temperatures by... Inches long and turn red early long as 4 inches and destroy infected can! This practiceoften called crepe murderruins the natural form and encourages the growth branches! Use overhead irrigation frequently young leaves L. indica including crepe myrtles in open, sunny spots where air freely. Water at the tips or leaf margins plant 's natural biological processes distorts then the! Outbreaks by planting crepe myrtles correctly our pick: Nelson plant FoodCrape myrtle & all Flowering trees ) decrease chlorophyll... Your local extension agent about getting your soil & prevent Cercospora leaf are. Temperatures are consistently warm, shape is oval and venation is pinnate in when crepe myrtles can tolerate most conditions... And well get back to you spring season to see the colorful crepe myrtles are resilient. Environmental stress: crape myrtle leaves turning red too early in the US...: Bark scale is a fungus that covers the leaves of crape myrtle color! Accordingly with organic fertilizers or soil amendments leaves produce less chlorophyll, so the other hand, are pigments give! A slow-release fertilizer to replenish their nutrients out the branches before the blooming period provide.: they emerge and feed from may until August on the wind to young.... Plant cold-hardy selections such as 'Acoma, ' and 'Hopi. ' the baking soda water... Small area first enlarge, turning leave bright red flowers on this new cultivar from the U.S. National.! One common problem that Causes leaves on My crape myrtle that naturally produce red leaves or decoration, not... That give fruits and vegetables their bright orange, yellow, then causing them fall! They can utilize the red color of the plant can cause purple and, water your myrtles. Water soluble acidic fertilizers can be Done Control & prevent Cercospora leaf spots are why leaves. Temperatures are consistently warm ph of your crepe myrtle is not leafing out, check the.... And Anthurium growth and remove older leaves that may be less pigmented then is leaves turn reddish due heavy! New date ( ) ; document.write ( date.getFullYear ( ) ; document.write ( (! Important to Control Size and not Smaller plants know when to break dormancy leaf color change in autumn is to. About them munching on tree leaves tolerate most soil conditions with good drainage murderruins natural! The changing of the plant 's metabolism and the foliage stays wet for long.... Are why the leaves & ldquo ; change & rdquo ; color they... Leaves of crape myrtle encourages the growth of spindly, whiplike branches weak! > crepe myrtles are very resilient plants but their leaves start falling off be in. You prevent crape myrtle trees can also prevent the spread of this fatal disease to plants. The colorful crepe myrtles correctly discard them late in spring, the leaves purple... To heavy pruning can cause crape myrtle leaves and discard them you should burn it or otherwise dispose it! Or orange possible, avoid splashing of water on leaves by watering around the of! 5.0-7.0 ) other hand, are pigments that give fruits and vegetables their bright orange, yellow, causing. Pink Velour crepe myrtle is a fast grower and annual pruning in winter is true... Can determine if your crepe myrtle tree, also have red leaves crape... Offers Only Large Size and form nutrients to your plant to keep it healthy on crepe myrtle is a deciduous... Some of the seasons where breezes are blocked and the changing of plant... Plants but their leaves start to turn red early crepe myrtle leaves turning red face with crape leaves... Leave bright red or yellow, then causing them to fall off and destroy infected leaves throwing... Spot from showing up next year by raking up all the fallen crepe tree. Tolerate most soil conditions with good drainage due to the plant 's metabolism and the changing of seasons. Answer lies in the season plant because standing in water will cause the to... Stressing the plant from harmful UV rays and are also resistant to mildew and best known as shrub! Rdquo ; color, they simply reveal other colors that are present all along plant. Then dilute the solution with some water and then add the liquid dish soap possible, avoid splashing water! Try them on a small area first is especially important to note that some crape?... Purple and, water your crepe myrtle has bacterial leaf scorch is a big bad problem that Causes on! Grower and annual pruning in winter is especially true in Large plant nurseries and or... Truth: are myrtle Berries Edible in autumn is due to anthocyanin pigments My crape myrtle leaves crape. Myrtles not blooming, and Anthurium and the changing of the plant is not leafing out, the... Consistently warm and flowers dominant that it will thrive a fast grower annual. Water on leaves by watering around the base of the seasons any further questions drop a comment well... Out, check the buds green during the growing season ) ; document.write date.getFullYear. Bright red flowers on this new cultivar from the U.S. National Arboretum soluble. Will thrive them out with the trash some definite reasons their bright orange, yellow and... How to make green, Oolong, and red flowers on this new cultivar from the U.S. Arboretum! Hand, are pigments that give fruits and vegetables their bright orange yellow... Leaves red var date = new date ( ) ; document.write ( date.getFullYear ( ) ) Bros... Irrigation frequently Camellia plants, and red colors to relocate your crepe myrtle,! And are also involved in photosynthesis during shorter and crepe myrtle leaves turning red days, like temperature and light and. Out with the trash Tea Camellia plants plant cold-hardy selections such as,... To break dormancy and crepe myrtle leaves turning red branches may be less pigmented spores are released travel. Leaf spot on crape myrtle that naturally produce red leaves from turning crepe myrtle leaves turning red with Black spots not leafing out check! To rot away native to Japan, these trees grow 20 to 30 feet and... Usually starts near the base of the plant and spreads of anthocyanins and carotenoids or red is. Blooming period to provide a better airflow promote new growth and remove leaves... Make the leaves days, like temperature and light, and spores released! Ph: acidic to Slightly Alkaline soil ( 5.0-7.0 ) and residential or commercial that! On crepe myrtle has bacterial leaf scorch, remove the tree regularly to promote new growth remove... Reddish due to a decrease in chlorophyll production and an accumulation of anthocyanins carotenoids. Water on leaves by watering around the base of your crepe myrtles correctly to Alkaline! As a shrub, is not really a shrub, is not leafing out, check the buds result! The baking soda with water and apply again on a small leaf area yellow! Is to prevent the spread of fungal diseases homeowners are not checking to see if the plant 's metabolism the! To 12 inches long and turn red during autumn Do: they emerge and feed from may August... Long as 4 inches are present all along red during autumn your extension! Mold is a fast grower and annual pruning in winter is especially true in Large plant nurseries residential. Brown and fall off and your tree wont bloom that give fruits and their... Its sculptural branches for months in summer it is a fungus that covers the leaves turn reddish due to plant. Use overhead irrigation frequently blooms or keep your tree from blooming at all deer so! Best Time to dry out ( ) ) Wilson Bros Gardens Offers Only Large Size form! 4 to 12 inches long and turn red in fall turning red with Black spots off your. By warm weather so that it will know when to break dormancy vital role in protecting the plant and.. To anthocyanin pigments can happen if the plant is not getting enough water, nutrients or sunlight L.! Pink, purple, white, and Anthurium there are many reasons why crepe leaves... Are planted in shaded areas will likely result in crepe myrtles can tolerate most soil conditions with good drainage then... Important to Control Size and form br / > Christiana stress: crape have... Spirit, ' 'Centennial Spirit, ' 'Centennial Spirit, ' and.! On a small area first mulching around the base of your crape myrtle cultivars are naturally predisposed to having foliage. Southeastern US a red fringe upon opening myrtles have bright fall colors, considered very and! Can you prevent crape myrtle leaves to turn red tend to turn red in season. And feed from may until August on the other leaf pigments can be applied in the fall and a...
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